Important Note

The New Terrain Component

Since Ogre 1.7 there is a new component for Terrain. It will replace the old Terrain SceneManager in Ogre 1.8. So far the component was not yet wrapped in Mogre 1.7. But now maintainer mstoyke created an alpha version of the wrapper. To use it you need a version of Mogre that is compiled from the branch "TerrainAndPaging" (for example the binaries user Cygon provided here).

Introduction

The project we will make in this tutorial consists of two main components: TerrainGroup and Terrain. There are also TerrainGlobalOptions, but they are used as a supplementary component. You can imagine TerrainGroup as a moderate zone like a glade, meadow or play-field. TerrainGroup can aggregate a bunch of Terrain pieces inside. This subdivision is used for LOD rendering, which is based on the camera's distance to each of the Terrains. In turn, Terrains consist of tiles with some material strained over them. We will use a single TerrainGroup without paging; Terrain systems using paging will be described in Intermediate tutorials.

Before we render the Terrain, we must set up all the necessary parameters of the Ogre Terrain System.

Global variables

Because the code to set up the terrain is split up into multiple methods we need three global variables:

TerrainGlobalOptions mTerrainGlobals;
TerrainGroup mTerrainGroup;
bool mTerrainImported;

Dealing with the camera

First, let's modify our Camera object for our terrain. Put this code in the CreateScene() function:

// setting up the camera
mCamera.Position = new Vector3(1683, 50, 2116);
mCamera.LookAt(new Vector3(1963, 50, 1660));
mCamera.NearClipDistance = 0.1f;
mCamera.FarClipDistance = 50000;

if (mRoot.RenderSystem.Capabilities.HasCapability(Capabilities.RSC_INFINITE_FAR_PLANE))
        mCamera.FarClipDistance = 0;

What it does, besides setting the position and orientation of the camera, is adjust the near and far clip distances. A terrain is often fairly big, and we want our camera to be able to see far into the distance. If the RenderSystem supports it, make it infinite.

Setting up directional and ambient light

The Terrain component uses a directional light to compute the terrain lightmap, so let's put a directional light into our scene (in the CreateScene() method):

// setting up the light
Vector3 lightDir = new Vector3(0.55f, -0.3f, 0.75f);
lightDir.Normalise();

Light light = mSceneMgr.CreateLight("tstLight");
light.Type = Light.LightTypes.LT_DIRECTIONAL;
light.Direction = lightDir;
light.DiffuseColour = ColourValue.White;
light.SpecularColour = new ColourValue(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);

mSceneMgr.AmbientLight = new ColourValue(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);

We also set some ambient light to smooth out the lighting.

Configuring our terrain

First, we create a new set of global terrain options. For this task TerrainGlobalOptions class is used. It is an options class which just stores default options for all terrains we will create and provides a Properties. There are also local options to each TerrainGroup called DefaultImportSettings, which you will see later.

mTerrainGlobals = new TerrainGlobalOptions();

Then we construct our TerrainGroup object - a helper class to manage a grid of terrains but it does not do any paging (which is done by the paging component you can see in Intermediate tutorials soon).

mTerrainGroup = new TerrainGroup(mSceneMgr, Terrain.Alignment.ALIGN_X_Z, 513, 12000.0f);
mTerrainGroup.SetFilenameConvention("BasicTutorialTerrain3", "dat");
mTerrainGroup.Origin = Vector3.ZERO;

The TerrainGroup class constructor takes our SceneManager instance, Terrain alignment option, terrain size and terrain world size as parameters. Then we tell the TerrainGroup what name we would like it to use when saving our terrain, using the SetFilenameConvention function. And lastly we set the origin of the terrain group.

Now it's time to configure our terrain:

ConfigureTerrainDefaults(light);

We'll deal with the ConfigureTerrainDefaults function later. Notice that we're passing our directional light to the function. And then we define our terrains and instruct the TerrainGroup to load them all (in CreateScene()):

for (int x = 0; x <= 0; ++x)
{
       for (int y = 0; y <= 0; ++y)
       {
              DefineTerrain(x, y);
       }
}

mTerrainGroup.LoadAllTerrains(true);

Since we only have one terrain, we'll only be calling the defineTerrain function once. But if we had multiple, we would do that there. We'll deal with the DefineTerrain function later on. Now, if we just imported our terrains, we would like our blendmaps to be calculated (in CreateScene()):

if (mTerrainImported)
{
        foreach (TerrainGroup.TerrainSlot t in mTerrainGroup.GetTerrainIterator())
        {
                InitBlendMaps(t.instance);
        }
}

The code loops through the available terrains and calls InitBlendMaps() on each. The InitBlendMaps() function will be covered later.
Now, all there is left to do is clean up after the initial terrain creation:

mTerrainGroup.FreeTemporaryResources();

We specified how the terrain shall be saved and so we are save it now:

mTerrainGroup.SaveAllTerrains(true);

The CreateScene() function so far

This is what our CreateScene() function looks like so far:

protected override void CreateScene()
{
        // setting up the camera
        mCamera.Position = new Vector3(1683, 50, 2116);
        mCamera.LookAt(new Vector3(1963, 50, 1660));
        mCamera.NearClipDistance = 0.1f;
        mCamera.FarClipDistance = 50000;

        if (mRoot.RenderSystem.Capabilities.HasCapability(Capabilities.RSC_INFINITE_FAR_PLANE))
                mCamera.FarClipDistance = 0;

        // setting up the light
        Vector3 lightDir = new Vector3(0.55f, -0.3f, 0.75f);
        lightDir.Normalise();

        Light light = mSceneMgr.CreateLight("tstLight");
        light.Type = Light.LightTypes.LT_DIRECTIONAL;
        light.Direction = lightDir;
        light.DiffuseColour = ColourValue.White;
        light.SpecularColour = new ColourValue(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);

        mSceneMgr.AmbientLight = new ColourValue(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);

        // create the terrain
        mTerrainGlobals = new TerrainGlobalOptions();
        mTerrainGroup = new TerrainGroup(mSceneMgr, Terrain.Alignment.ALIGN_X_Z, 513, 12000.0f);
        mTerrainGroup.SetFilenameConvention("BasicTutorialTerrain3", "dat");
        mTerrainGroup.Origin = Vector3.ZERO;
        
        ConfigureTerrainDefaults(light);

        for (int x = 0; x <= 0; ++x)
        {
                for (int y = 0; y <= 0; ++y)
                {
                        DefineTerrain(x, y);
                }
        }
            
        mTerrainGroup.LoadAllTerrains(true);

        if (mTerrainImported)
        {
                foreach (TerrainGroup.TerrainSlot t in mTerrainGroup.GetTerrainIterator())
                {
                        InitBlendMaps(t.instance);
                }
        }

        mTerrainGroup.FreeTemporaryResources();
        mTerrainGroup.SaveAllTerrains(true);
}

Do not try to compile now - it won't work until we implement the terrain utility functions!

The ConfigureTerrainDefaults() method

The Ogre Terrain component is quite configurable. Create the ConfigureTerrainDefaults(Light light) function and add the following code to it:

// Configure global
mTerrainGlobals.MaxPixelError = 8;
// testing composite map
mTerrainGlobals.CompositeMapDistance = 3000;

First, we set two global options: MaxPixelError and CompositeMapDistance. MaxPixelError decides how precise our terrain is going to be. A lower number will mean a more accurate terrain, at the cost of performance (because of more vertices). CompositeMapDistance decides how far the Ogre terrain will render the lightmapped terrain.
Next, let's deal with the lightmapping, using our directional light:

// Important to set these so that the terrain knows what to use for derived (non-realtime) data
mTerrainGlobals.LightMapDirection = light.Direction;
mTerrainGlobals.CompositeMapAmbient = mSceneMgr.AmbientLight;
mTerrainGlobals.CompositeMapDiffuse = light.DiffuseColour;

It uses our light to set direction and diffuse colour and sets the diffuse colour to match our scene manager's ambient light.
Next we define some ImportData values:

// Configure default import settings for if we use imported image
Terrain.ImportData defaultimp = mTerrainGroup.DefaultImportSettings;

defaultimp.terrainSize = 513;
defaultimp.worldSize = 12000.0f; // due terrain.png is 8 bpp
defaultimp.inputScale = 600;
defaultimp.minBatchSize = 33;
defaultimp.maxBatchSize = 65;

We won't cover the what and how of those values in this tutorial, but terrainSize and worldSize are set to match our global sizes (what we told our TerrainGroup), and inputScale decides how the heightmap image is scaled up. We are using a scale here because images have limited precision (Note: You can use floating point raw heightmaps to avoid inputScaling, but those maps usually need some lossy data compression. In this case you can set inputScale = 1).
A raw heightmap, for instance, doesn't normally need scaling because the values are stored as an array of unscaled floats.
The last bit is our textures:

// textures
defaultimp.layerList.Add(new Terrain.LayerInstance());
defaultimp.layerList.Add(new Terrain.LayerInstance());
defaultimp.layerList.Add(new Terrain.LayerInstance());


defaultimp.layerList[0].worldSize = 100;
defaultimp.layerList[0].textureNames.Add("dirt_grayrocky_diffusespecular.dds");
defaultimp.layerList[0].textureNames.Add("dirt_grayrocky_normalheight.dds");

defaultimp.layerList[1].worldSize = 30;
defaultimp.layerList[1].textureNames.Add("grass_green-01_diffusespecular.dds");
defaultimp.layerList[1].textureNames.Add("grass_green-01_normalheight.dds");

defaultimp.layerList[2].worldSize = 200;
defaultimp.layerList[2].textureNames.Add("growth_weirdfungus-03_diffusespecular.dds");
defaultimp.layerList[2].textureNames.Add("growth_weirdfungus-03_normalheight.dds");

Here we set the number of terrain texture layers to 3, by adding three new LayerInstances. Then we initialise each layer by setting the 'worldSize' and by specifying the texture names. 'worldSize' decides how big each splat of textures is going to be. A smaller value will increase the resolution of the rendered texture layer.
The default material generator takes two textures per layer:

1. diffuse_specular - diffuse texture with a specular map in the alpha channel
2. normal_height - normal map with a height map in the alpha channel

See Ogre Terrain Textures if you want to know how these textures are made. You can download these six textures from the MogreSDK or directly.
Our entire ConfigureTerrainDefaults() function looks like this:

protected void ConfigureTerrainDefaults(Light light)
{
        // Configure global
        mTerrainGlobals.MaxPixelError = 8;
        // testing composite map
        mTerrainGlobals.CompositeMapDistance = 3000;

        // Important to set these so that the terrain knows what to use for derived (non-realtime) data
        mTerrainGlobals.LightMapDirection = light.Direction;
        mTerrainGlobals.CompositeMapAmbient = mSceneMgr.AmbientLight;
        mTerrainGlobals.CompositeMapDiffuse = light.DiffuseColour;

        // Configure default import settings for if we use imported image
        Terrain.ImportData defaultimp = mTerrainGroup.DefaultImportSettings;

        defaultimp.terrainSize = 513;
        defaultimp.worldSize = 12000.0f; // due terrain.png is 8 bpp
        defaultimp.inputScale = 600;
        defaultimp.minBatchSize = 33;
        defaultimp.maxBatchSize = 65;

        // textures
        defaultimp.layerList.Add(new Terrain.LayerInstance());
        defaultimp.layerList.Add(new Terrain.LayerInstance());
        defaultimp.layerList.Add(new Terrain.LayerInstance());
        
        defaultimp.layerList[0].worldSize = 100;
        defaultimp.layerList[0].textureNames.Add("dirt_grayrocky_diffusespecular.dds");
        defaultimp.layerList[0].textureNames.Add("dirt_grayrocky_normalheight.dds");

        defaultimp.layerList[1].worldSize = 30;
        defaultimp.layerList[1].textureNames.Add("grass_green-01_diffusespecular.dds");
        defaultimp.layerList[1].textureNames.Add("grass_green-01_normalheight.dds");

        defaultimp.layerList[2].worldSize = 200;
        defaultimp.layerList[2].textureNames.Add("growth_weirdfungus-03_diffusespecular.dds");
        defaultimp.layerList[2].textureNames.Add("growth_weirdfungus-03_normalheight.dds");
}

DefineTerrain() method

This is our DefineTerrain() function:

protected void DefineTerrain(int x, int y)
{
        string filename = mTerrainGroup.GenerateFilename(x, y);

        if (ResourceGroupManager.Singleton.ResourceExists(mTerrainGroup.ResourceGroup, filename))
                mTerrainGroup.DefineTerrain(x, y);
        else
        {
                Image img = new Image();
                GetTerrainImage(x % 2 != 0, y % 2 != 0, img);
                mTerrainGroup.DefineTerrain(x, y, img);
                mTerrainImported = true;
        }
}

This function is simple, but clever: First, it asks our TerrainGroup what file name it would use to generate the terrain. Then it checks if there is a file by that name in our resource group. If there is, it means that we generated a binary terrain data file already, and thus there is no need to import it from an image. If there isn't a data file present, it means we have to generate our terrain, so we load the image and use that to define it.

The function uses a small utility function called GetTerrainImage().

GetTerrainImage() method

protected void GetTerrainImage(bool flipX, bool flipY, Image img)
{
        img.Load("terrain.png", ResourceGroupManager.DEFAULT_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME);
            
        if (flipX)
                img.FlipAroundX();

        if (flipY)
                img.FlipAroundY();
}

It loads 'terrain.png' from our resource locations, flipping it if necessary. Note: Flipping is done to imitate seamless terrain so you can make unlimited big terrain using single 513x513 heightmap, this is just a trick. If your terrain's heightmap is already seamless you don't have to do fliping, you just define individual heightmap for each Terrain. In this tutorial we use only 1x1 sized TerrainGroup (look at CreateScene() function) so this code is not actually used.

InitBlendMaps() method

Remember our three types of terrain layers, defined in ConfigureTerrainDefaults()? Now, we are going to blend these layers based on the HEIGHT of the tile. In a real project, you can use alpha-based splatting stored in RGBA channels in a file or files that are separate from the heightmap. This is the initBlendMaps function in its entirety:

protected unsafe void InitBlendMaps(Terrain terrain)
{
        TerrainLayerBlendMap blendMap0 = terrain.GetLayerBlendMap(1);
        TerrainLayerBlendMap blendMap1 = terrain.GetLayerBlendMap(2);

        float minHeight0 = 70, minHeight1 = 70;
        float fadeDist0 = 40, fadeDist1 = 15;

        float* pBlend1 = blendMap1.BlendPointer;

        for (int y = 0; y < terrain.LayerBlendMapSize; ++y)
                for (int x = 0; x < terrain.LayerBlendMapSize; ++x)
                {
                        float tx, ty;

                        blendMap0.ConvertImageToTerrainSpace((uint)x, (uint)y, out tx, out ty);
                    
                        float height = terrain.GetHeightAtTerrainPosition(tx, ty);
                        float val = (height - minHeight0) / fadeDist0;
                        val = Clamp(val, 0, 1);

                        val = (height - minHeight1) / fadeDist1;
                        val = Clamp(val, 0, 1);
                        *pBlend1++ = val;
                }

        blendMap0.Dirty();
        blendMap0.Update();
        blendMap1.Dirty();
        blendMap1.Update();
}

We won't go into the gritty details of how it works in this tutorial. Let's just say that it uses the terrain height to splat the three layers on the terrain. Note: Since Mogre.Math does for some reason not implement a Clamp() method we have to write our own. Don't worry, it's just a small couple of lines:

protected float Clamp(float value, float min, float max)
{
        if (value <= min)
                return min;
        else if (value >= max)
                return max;

        return value;
}

Cleaning up

Since it is good practise not to leave stuff behind when we are finished with it and our terrain is pretty big we want to delete the terrain when the application terminates. So simply add this method:

protected override void DestroyScene()
{
       mTerrainGroup.Dispose();
       mTerrainGlobals.Dispose();
}

Compile and run

Now you can compile and run your application. After some time you should get a nicely rendered terrain. If you run it a second time the program will execute faster (still some time). This is because we told the application to save the terrain after it is finished. The second time it only has to be loaded not generated.

Go ahead and look in your media folder. You should see a BasicTuorial3Terrain_00000000.dat file there...

<HR>

THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE ("CCPL" OR "LICENSE"). THE WORK IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW. ANY USE OF THE WORK OTHER THAN AS AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW IS PROHIBITED.

BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE, YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. THE LICENSOR GRANTS YOU THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS.

1. Definitions

• "Collective Work" means a work, such as a periodical issue, anthology or encyclopedia, in which the Work in its entirety in unmodified form, along with a number of other contributions, constituting separate and independent works in themselves, are assembled into a collective whole. A work that constitutes a Collective Work will not be considered a Derivative Work (as defined below) for the purposes of this License.
• "Derivative Work" means a work based upon the Work or upon the Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation, musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgment, condensation, or any other form in which the Work may be recast, transformed, or adapted, except that a work that constitutes a Collective Work will not be considered a Derivative Work for the purpose of this License. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a musical composition or sound recording, the synchronization of the Work in timed-relation with a moving image ("synching") will be considered a Derivative Work for the purpose of this License.
• "Licensor" means the individual or entity that offers the Work under the terms of this License.
• "Original Author" means the individual or entity who created the Work.
• "Work" means the copyrightable work of authorship offered under the terms of this License.
• "You" means an individual or entity exercising rights under this License who has not previously violated the terms of this License with respect to the Work, or who has received express permission from the Licensor to exercise rights under this License despite a previous violation.
• "License Elements" means the following high-level license attributes as selected by Licensor and indicated in the title of this License: Attribution, ShareAlike.

2. Fair Use Rights

Nothing in this license is intended to reduce, limit, or restrict any rights arising from fair use, first sale or other limitations on the exclusive rights of the copyright owner under copyright law or other applicable laws.

3. License Grant

Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright) license to exercise the rights in the Work as stated below:

• to reproduce the Work, to incorporate the Work into one or more Collective Works, and to reproduce the Work as incorporated in the Collective Works;
• to create and reproduce Derivative Works;
• to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly, perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital audio transmission the Work including as incorporated in Collective Works;
• to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly, perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital audio transmission Derivative Works.
• For the avoidance of doubt, where the work is a musical composition:
  • Performance Royalties Under Blanket Licenses. Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via a performance rights society (e.g. ASCAP, BMI, SESAC), royalties for the public performance or public digital performance (e.g. webcast) of the Work.
  • Mechanical Rights and Statutory Royalties. Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via a music rights society or designated agent (e.g. Harry Fox Agency), royalties for any phonorecord You create from the Work ("cover version") and distribute, subject to the compulsory license created by 17 USC Section 115 of the US Copyright Act (or the equivalent in other jurisdictions).
  • Webcasting Rights and Statutory Royalties. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a sound recording, Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via a performance-rights society (e.g. SoundExchange), royalties for the public digital performance (e.g. webcast) of the Work, subject to the compulsory license created by 17 USC Section 114 of the US Copyright Act (or the equivalent in other jurisdictions).

The above rights may be exercised in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter devised. The above rights include the right to make such modifications as are technically necessary to exercise the rights in other media and formats. All rights not expressly granted by Licensor are hereby reserved.

4. Restrictions

The license granted in Section 3 above is expressly made subject to and limited by the following restrictions:

• You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work only under the terms of this License, and You must include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier for, this License with every copy or phonorecord of the Work You distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform. You may not offer or impose any terms on the Work that alter or restrict the terms of this License or the recipients' exercise of the rights granted hereunder. You may not sublicense the Work. You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties. You may not distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work with any technological measures that control access or use of the Work in a manner inconsistent with the terms of this License Agreement. The above applies to the Work as incorporated in a Collective Work, but this does not require the Collective Work apart from the Work itself to be made subject to the terms of this License. If You create a Collective Work, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Collective Work any credit as required by clause 4(c), as requested. If You create a Derivative Work, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Derivative Work any credit as required by clause 4(c), as requested.
• You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform a Derivative Work only under the terms of this License, a later version of this License with the same License Elements as this License, or a Creative Commons iCommons license that contains the same License Elements as this License (e.g. Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Japan). You must include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier for, this License or other license specified in the previous sentence with every copy or phonorecord of each Derivative Work You distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform. You may not offer or impose any terms on the Derivative Works that alter or restrict the terms of this License or the recipients' exercise of the rights granted hereunder, and You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties. You may not distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Derivative Work with any technological measures that control access or use of the Work in a manner inconsistent with the terms of this License Agreement. The above applies to the Derivative Work as incorporated in a Collective Work, but this does not require the Collective Work apart from the Derivative Work itself to be made subject to the terms of this License.
• If you distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work or any Derivative Works or Collective Works, You must keep intact all copyright notices for the Work and provide, reasonable to the medium or means You are utilizing: (i) the name of the Original Author (or pseudonym, if applicable) if supplied, and/or (ii) if the Original Author and/or Licensor designate another party or parties (e.g. a sponsor institute, publishing entity, journal) for attribution in Licensor's copyright notice, terms of service or by other reasonable means, the name of such party or parties; the title of the Work if supplied; to the extent reasonably practicable, the Uniform Resource Identifier, if any, that Licensor specifies to be associated with the Work, unless such URI does not refer to the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work; and in the case of a Derivative Work, a credit identifying the use of the Work in the Derivative Work (e.g., "French translation of the Work by Original Author," or "Screenplay based on original Work by Original Author"). Such credit may be implemented in any reasonable manner; provided, however, that in the case of a Derivative Work or Collective Work, at a minimum such credit will appear where any other comparable authorship credit appears and in a manner at least as prominent as such other comparable authorship credit.

5. Representations, Warranties and Disclaimer

UNLESS OTHERWISE AGREED TO BY THE PARTIES IN WRITING, LICENSOR OFFERS THE WORK AS-IS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MATERIALS, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTIBILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT, OR THE ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OF ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT DISCOVERABLE. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO SUCH EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

6. Limitation on Liability.

EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS LICENSE OR THE USE OF THE WORK, EVEN IF LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

7. Termination

• This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automatically upon any breach by You of the terms of this License. Individuals or entities who have received Derivative Works or Collective Works from You under this License, however, will not have their licenses terminated provided such individuals or entities remain in full compliance with those licenses. Sections 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8 will survive any termination of this License.
• Subject to the above terms and conditions, the license granted here is perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright in the Work). Notwithstanding the above, Licensor reserves the right to release the Work under different license terms or to stop distributing the Work at any time; provided, however that any such election will not serve to withdraw this License (or any other license that has been, or is required to be, granted under the terms of this License), and this License will continue in full force and effect unless terminated as stated above.

8. Miscellaneous

• Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform the Work or a Collective Work, the Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License.
• Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform a Derivative Work, Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the original Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License.
• If any provision of this License is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this License, and without further action by the parties to this agreement, such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.
• No term or provision of this License shall be deemed waived and no breach consented to unless such waiver or consent shall be in writing and signed by the party to be charged with such waiver or consent.
• This License constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the Work licensed here. There are no understandings, agreements or representations with respect to the Work not specified here. Licensor shall not be bound by any additional provisions that may appear in any communication from You. This License may not be modified without the mutual written agreement of the Licensor and You.